Lynx, a new fine-resolution, realtime synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) system, has been unveiled by Sandia National Laboratories and General Atomics of San Diego.
Designed to be mounted on both manned aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the 115-pound SAR is a sophisticated all-weather sensor capable of providing photographic-like images through clouds, rain or fog and in daytime or nighttime conditions, all in real-time. The SAR produces images of extremely fine resolution, far surpassing current industry standards for synthetic-aperture radar resolution. Depending on weather conditions and imaging resolution, the sensor can operate at a range of up to 85 kilometers.
Sandia researcher Bill
Hensley checks the
Lynx
synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) installed on a
General Atomics I-GNAT unmanned aerial vehicle.
“The Lynx represents a breakthrough on many fronts,” said Bill Hensley, Sandia project leader. “Because the image resolution is so fine and the instrument itself is so lightweight, it represents a technology breakthrough. The real-time, interactive nature of the radar and the innovative operator interface make it a breakthrough for meeting the ease-of-use needs of frontline military users. And because Sandia developed the technology and successfully transferred it to General Atomics, the Lynx radar also is a technology-transfer success story.”
Mike Reed, Lynx program manager at General Atomics, said that Sandia and General Atomics joined forces in 1996 when the San Diego-based company (whose Aeronautical Systems, Inc. affiliate builds a line of unmanned aerial vehicles) wanted to develop an advanced, lightweight SAR system. General Atomics provided the funds to Sandia, which already had a sophisticated SAR, to implement an enhanced design as a commercial product and deliver two prototype units together with licenses and manufacturing information to produce the unit.
The Lynx radar image shows
the Rio Grande Valley
General Atomics and Sandia spent the next three years working together to refine and enhance the SAR into a lightweight, user-friendly system with extended range and much higher resolution. General Atomics has commenced production of subsequent units for commercial sales.
The new SAR will enhance the surveillance capability of the General Atomics Aeronautical Systems UAVs and other reconnaissance aircraft, which previously were equipped only with cameras, infrared sensors, and oldergeneration SAR equipment. “Cameras provided good data, but they don’t work at night or in rainy, foggy, and cloudy situations,” Hensley said. “Fineresolution- image SAR radar is perfect for these circumstances because it can ‘see’ in the dark and peer through clouds and fog.”
Flying at an altitude of 25,000 feet, the Lynx SAR can produce one-footresolution imagery at standoff distances of up to 55 kilometers. At a resolution of four inches, the radar can make images of scenes 25 kilometers away (about 16 miles) even through clouds and light rain.
The radar operates in Ku band with a center frequency of about 16.7 GHz, although the precise value can be tuned to prevent interference with other emitters.
Lynx introduces several new characteristics and functions. In addition to being very lightweight, the radar can detect very small changes in a scene by using a technique called coherent change detection. It also will be able to detect moving targets.
Sandia and General Atomics worked to make Lynx as much like an optical system to use as possible. The radar forms an image covering an area larger than that displayed, storing it in cache memory. This allows the operator to pan around within the total scene to concentrate on a particular area of interest. The radar’s fine resolution allows it to detect small surface penetrations — even footprints in a soft terrain.
Lynx has been flown successfully for more than 140 hours on a Department of Energy plane and on the General Atomics I-GNAT. In all testing, the SAR worked with the precision expected. Sandia and General Atomics continue to explore ways to improve the Lynx. Future upgrades could include an inverse SAR mode for imaging of seaborne targets, interferometric SAR (requiring the use of two antennas) for threedimensional imaging, the ability to cue other sensors, and radio-frequency tagging — both for combat identification and for precision-strike applications. Additional “cognitive” enhancements are planned to make interpretation of the radar image more user friendly.
General Atomics, founded in 1955, is involved in high-technology nuclear energy, commercial, and defense-related research and development. Affiliated manufacturing and commercial service companies include General Atomics Aeronautical Systems Inc., which builds the family of Predator, GNAT, Prowler, and Altus UAVs.
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