Commandos Get Duty on U.S. Soil

Code Names:
Deciphering U.S. Military Plans, Programs and Operation in the 9/11 World 

ERIC SCHMITT / NY Times 23jan2005

WASHINGTON, Jan. 22 - Somewhere in the shadows of the White House and the Capitol this week, a small group of super-secret commandos stood ready with state-of-the-art weaponry to swing into action to protect the presidency, a task that has never been fully revealed before.

As part of the extraordinary army of 13,000 troops, police officers and federal agents marshaled to secure the inauguration, these elite forces were poised to act under a 1997 program that was updated and enhanced after the Sept. 11 attacks, but nonetheless departs from how the military has historically been used on American soil.

These commandos, operating under a secret counterterrorism program code-named Power Geyser, were mentioned publicly for the first time this week on a Web site for a new book, "Code Names: Deciphering U.S. Military Plans, Programs and Operation in the 9/11 World," (Steerforth Press). The book was written by William M. Arkin, a former intelligence analyst for the Army.

The precise number of these Special Operations forces in Washington this week is highly classified, but military officials say the number is very small. The special-missions units belong to the Joint Special Operations Command, a secretive command based at Fort Bragg, N.C., whose elements include the Army unit Delta Force.

In the past, the command has also provided support to domestic law enforcement agencies during high-risk events like the Olympics and political party conventions, according to the Web site of GlobalSecurity.org, a research organization in Alexandria, Va.

The role of the armed forces in the United States has been a contentious issue for more than a century. The Posse Comitatus Act of 1878 [below], which restricts military forces from performing domestic law enforcement duties, like policing, was enacted after the Civil War in response to the perceived misuse of federal troops who were policing in the South.

Over the years, the law has been amended to allow the military to lend equipment to federal, state and local authorities; assist federal agencies in drug interdiction; protect national parks; and execute quarantine and certain health laws. About 5,000 federal troops supported civilian agencies at the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City three years ago.

Since Sept. 11, however, military and law enforcement agencies have worked much more closely not only to help detect and defeat any possible attack, including from unconventional weapons, but also to assure the continuity of the federal government in case of cataclysmic disaster.

The commandos here this week were the same type of Special Operations forces who are hunting top insurgents in Iraq and Osama bin Laden in the mountainous wilds of Afghanistan and Pakistan. But under the top-secret military plan, they are also conducting counterterrorism missions in support of civilian agencies in the United States.

"They bring unique military and technical capabilities that often are centered around potential W.M.D. events," said a senior military official who has been briefed on the units' operations.

A civil liberties advocate who was told about the program by a reporter said that he had no objections to the program as described to him because its scope appeared to be limited to supporting the counterterrorism efforts of civilian authorities.

Mr. Arkin, in the online supplement to his book ( www.codenames.org/documents.html ), says the contingency plan, called JCS Conplan 0300-97, calls for "special-mission units in extra-legal missions to combat terrorism in the United States" based on top-secret orders that are managed by the military's Joint Staff and coordinated with the military's Special Operations Command and Northern Command, which is the lead military headquarters for domestic defense.

Mr. Arkin provided The New York Times with briefing slides prepared by the Northern Command, detailing the plan and outlining the military's preparations for the inauguration.

Three senior Defense Department and Bush administration officials confirmed the existence of the plan and mission, but disputed Mr. Arkin's characterization of the mission as "extra-legal."

One of the officials said the units operated in the United States under "special authority" from either the president or the secretary of defense.

Civilian and uniformed military lawyers said provisions in several federal statutes, including the Fiscal Year 2000 Defense Department Authorization Act, Public Law 106-65, permits the secretary of defense to authorize military forces to support civilian agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, in the event of a national emergency, especially any involving nuclear, chemical or biological weapons.

In 1998, the Pentagon's top policy official, Walter B. Slocombe, acknowledged that the military had covert-action teams.

"We have designated special-mission units that are specifically manned, equipped and trained to deal with a wide variety of transnational threats," Mr. Slocombe told the Senate Armed Services Committee. "These units, assigned to or under the operational control of the U.S. Special Operations Command, are focused primarily on those special operations and supporting functions that combat terrorism and actively counter terrorist use of W.M.D. These units are on alert every day of the year and have worked extensively with their interagency counterparts."

Spokesmen for the Northern Command in Colorado Springs and the Special Operations Command in Tampa, Fla., the parent organization of the Joint Special Operations Command, declined to comment on the plan, the units involved and the mission.

"At any given time, there are a number of classified programs across the government that, for national security reasons, it would be inappropriate to discuss," said Bryan Whitman, a Pentagon spokesman. "It would be irresponsible for me to comment on any classified program that may or may not exist."

But the Northern Command document that mentions Power Geyser is marked "unclassified." The document states that the purpose of the Department of Defense's contingency planning for the inauguration is to provide "unity of D.O.D. effort to contribute to a safe and secure environment for the 2005 inauguration."

The Northern Command missions include deterring an attack or mitigating its consequences, and coordinating with the Special Operations Command.

In a telephone interview from his home in Vermont, Mr. Arkin said the military's reaction to the disclosure of the counterterrorism plan and its operating units reflected "the silliness of calling something that's obvious, classified."

"I'm not revealing what they're doing or the methods of their contingency planning," he said. "I don't compromise any sensitive intelligence operations by revealing sources and methods. I don't reveal ongoing operations in specific locales."

Mr. Arkin's book is a glossary of more than 3,000 code names of past and present operations, programs and weapons systems, with brief descriptions of each. Most involved secret activities, and details of many of the programs could not be immediately confirmed.

The book also describes American military operations and assistance programs in scores of countries, from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. The murky world of "special access programs" and other secret military and intelligence activities is covered in the book, too. Some code names describe highly classified research programs, like Thirsty Saber, a program that in the 1990's tried to develop a sensor to replace human reasoning. Others describe military installations in foreign countries, like Poker Bluff I, an electronic-eavesdropping collection station in Honduras in the 1980's.

Many involve activities related to the survival of the president and constitutional government. The book, for instance, describes Site R, one of the undisclosed locations used by Vice President Dick Cheney since the Sept. 11 attacks.

Site R is a granite mountain shelter just north of Sabillasville, Md., near the Pennsylvania border. It was built in the early 1950's to withstand a Soviet nuclear attack.

The book also describes a program called Treetop, the presidential emergency successor support plan, which provides survivors of a nuclear strike or other attack with war plans, regulations and procedures to establish teams of military and civilian advisers to presidential successors.

A White House spokesman declined to comment on the continuity of government activities cited in the book.

People who advocate that the government declassify more of the nation's official documents said the book would fuel the debate over the balance between the public's right to know and the need to keep more military and intelligence matters secret in the campaign against terror.

"This is part of an ongoing tug of war to define the boundaries of public information," said Steven Aftergood, director of the Federation of American Scientists' Project on Government Secrecy. "There has been a steady withdrawal of information from the public domain in the present administration, and a reluctance to disclose even the most mundane of facts."

source: http://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/23/national/nationalspecial3/23code.html?oref=login&pagewanted=print&position= 23jan2005

Author Q & A

1. 1. What is "Code Names"?
   
   Code Names is an attempt to provide a guidebook to begin to decipher and understand the mountain of secrets that shields the U.S. military and national security community from public scrutiny. The success of the 9/11 Commission, and its final report, indicates the innate discomfort most Americans have with what is going on in the world of national security. Code Names aims to be a public map for understanding an incredibly complex world, one made all the more difficult to understand by official secrecy.
   
   
2. Why did you write it?
   
   There has been no effective oversight or accountability for the governmental failures that led to 9/11. This was followed up by another massive government display of arrogance and incompetence that first led to a premature war with Iraq and the horrendous post-war mess. In every case -- regarding the flaws in government preparations prior to 9/11, in the inability of government agencies to communicate, in the weapons of mass destruction debacle in Iraq, or a foolish war plan that the defense leadership intentionally shielded from even internal discussion -- I ascribe a core problem of the government to be secrecy. The sad truth is that code names are not just used to confuse and confound the enemy, but to build power inside various bureaucracies and keep prying eyes, even Congressional ones, from understanding what is really going on.
   
   
3. Who should be interested in reading it and why?
   
   Every nerd in America will want to have Code Names, but beyond that this dense book will be invaluable for military families hoping to look beyond the official speak of the government, for veterans and military historians, and for academics and journalists. I'm not sure many are going to "read" Code Names cover to cover, but when the news reports the work of a supposedly "secret" organization, an incident at some obscure military outpost, a military exercise or an expensive bauble being purchased by the government, Code Names will help to determine some facts and cut through the government gobbledy gook.
   
   
4. Can you give an example of a code name, revealed for the first time in your book, and what the broader meaning might be?
   
   My favorite, of course, is "Copper Green," a code name for some kind of secret operation in the war on terrorism that ultimately led to the Abu Ghraib prison scandal. When Copper Green was revealed by the New Yorker, the Pentagon vociferously denied that any such special operations to abuse prisoners and detainees existed. But they were just playing with words. Code Names traces the entire string of "special" words used to hide super-secret special operations from scrutiny, including "Footprint," a possible replacement for Copper Green, and the entire "Titrant Ranger" series of special access words used to hide the operations of "Gray Fox," a unit that itself is a code name. All of these names are subject to change, and I've discovered dozens more associated with post-9/11 special operations. The point is, the code names are employed for a level of secrecy beyond the protection of Top Secret classification and in addition to long-standing traditional code words (such as "Focal Point," which goes back to the Cold War) used to compartment military and CIA operations.
   
   
5. Is this administration any more secretive than past wartime administrations?
   
   There is no question that there has been an explosion of secrecy since the events of 9/11. Whenever the Bush administration feels that its approach to national security, to counter-terrorism, or homeland security is being questioned or assaulted, it hides behind a higher and higher wall of secrecy. Most ominously, the Bush administration has circumvented the post-Watergate rules of Congressional oversight by creating new categories of secrets that are not subject to reporting to Congress. Hundreds of operations in the war on terrorism are beyond Congressional scrutiny. Here, I'm not even referring to public disclosure: these are operations and activities of the U.S. government that the top Congressional leaders can't know of.
   
   
6. Is it your argument that super secrecy is actually detrimental to our national interests?
   
   There are so many inter-locking code names, one wonders what it is that the government feels compelled to hide, and what it is doing in the public's name. The lesson, I hope, is for the public to understand that the government manufactures secrets to undertake what it believes are "sensitive" operations on behalf of the national security, but that much of the time, those operations are sensitive because they might not otherwise be approved of by the American people. In most cases the secrets are legitimate and necessary in the world we live in. But there is also a fair dose of operations that are questionable on ethical or legal grounds, cooperation with unsavory regimes, activities that are potentially destabilizing, weapons that are repugnant.
   
   
7. Is it possible that the publication of your book could actually damage our national security? If so, how? If not, why not?
   
   Code Names contains many "secrets" previously undisclosed and never before in the public domain. But it is also careful to abide by the constraints of the law and conforms with standard journalistic and citizen obligations. The book has been carefully gone over by knowledgeable experts and legal counsel. Many words were deleted and sensitive material was left out. Nothing that is in the book compromises any sensitive intelligence operations by revealing sources and methods. The book doesn't reveal ongoing operations in specific locales. In fact, one of its arguments is that most of these so-called secrets aren't secret at all; they are merely bureaucratic devices.
   
   
8. If your book were to have the best possible positive effect, what would that be?
   
   I hope that after some initial news stories have fun with names, and after some commentators huff and puff that I have somehow compromised national security, people will come to the self-evident conclusion that if I am supposedly revealing so many secrets and can fill almost 600 pages in a tightly edited book, that there are just too many secrets. Then comes the hard work: We need to determine if Congress in fact has what it needs to fulfill its duties of oversight. We need to find out how our tax dollars are being spent. We need to determine what mischief the government is getting us into abroad. We need to establish how our liberties are being compromised at home. And most importantly, we need to continue the post 9/11 reforms to ensure that the government operates efficiently and openly to safeguard the American people. I wouldn't be so bold as to compare Code Names with the 9/11 Commission Report, but it is a supplement. The American public has an unprecedented interest in these subjects for the very reason that they have learned first hand the cost of government failure. If Code Names bobs along in the roiling sea of post-9/11 reform and has even a small impact, I would be ecstatic with the results.

source: http://www.codenames.org/qanda.html 23jan2005

Code Names:
deciphering u.s. military plans, programs
and operations in the 9/11 world
by William M. Arkin

On sale date: 25 January 2005

A SUMMARY O F INFORMATION REVEALED FOR THE FIRST TIME

contact: Pia Needham, pia@steerforth.com

Code Names identifies the following compartments and special categories of information for the first time:

Credible Wolf (CW), ECI, Endseal, H, Hollow Tile (HT), PH/ZH, Ragtime, Telephone Booth (TB). And explains the meaning of other little known classification compartments:

Focal Point, Gamma, HCS, Loma, Pearl, Polo Step, RODCA, Sigma, Spectre, Talent Keyhole, TESON, Theorem, Utah, VRK

Code Names explains the workings of highly classified "special access programs" and for the first time discloses a new category of compartmented information for U.S. military and intelligence operations used in the war on terrorism: Alternative or Compensatory Control Measures (ACCMs).

Code Names identifies the following special access programs and ACCMs, many for the first time:

Adobe, Antemate, Bell Weather, Bernie, Black Light, Blue Mail, Blue Zephyr, Cavalry, Centennial, Chalk series, Channel series, Citadel, Cloud Gap, Compass Link, Constant Help, Constant Pisces, Constant Star, Copper Coast, Copper Green, Coronet Phoenix, Distant Phoenix, Elegant Lady, Fireant, Footprint, Galaxy, Gentry, Giant Cave/Giant Dodge, Grass Blade, Greater Slope, Greyhound, Gulf, Gusty series, Gypsy series, Have Djinn, Have Flag, Have Trump, Have Void, Island Sun, LEO, Link series, Mallard, Meridian, Milkyway, Mustang, Olympic, Omega, Osprey series, Overtone, Oxide/Ozone, the Panther series, Pave Runner, Pirate Sword, Polo Step, Procomm, Project 19, Project 643, Project 9000, Radius, Raven, Retract series, Reward, Rosetta Stone, Ruby, Scathe series, Science series, Sea Bass, Seek Clock, Senior Needle, Senior Nike, Sierra, SIT-II, Softring, Spear, Suter, Steel Puma, Talon Radiance, Tapestry, Theme Castle, Thermal Vicar, Thirst Watcher, Thirsty Saber, Tiger Lake, Titrant Ranger/Capacity Gear, Tractor series, Umbrella, White Knight.

Code Names includes a number of previously undisclosed code names where the exact meaning or the countries involved is or may be classified:

Acer Gable, Accurate Test, Badge Finder/Badge Keeper, Bastion Bridge, Beyond Duty, Brave series, Capsule Jack, Castglance, Cedar Deck, Cobra Talon, Coral series, Credible series, Creditable Dove, Crystal Fog, Dark Tea, Eelpot, Gable Shark, Galidia, Gator Byte, Honor Guard, Icthus Nickel, Indigo Response, Inner Passage, Joint Anvil, Ketchum, Knockdown, Kodiak, Linebacker, Marshland, Mensa, Misty, Nautical Fire/Nautical Sentry, Ordeal Lancer, Pacer series, PI, Picket Fence, Project 9GH, Project 9GI/GK, Radiant series, ROMO II, Saga, Sands, Sayers, Sensor Fir/Flam, Spring’s Wind, Straight Arrow, Trojan Footprint, Western Response

Code Names includes references to previously unknown or little known highly classified Presidential sup-port and continuity of government activities to preserve constitutional government and to prepare for catastrophic loss of government authority after a nuclear war (or more recently, after a terrorist attack):

Adobe, Angel, Blue Light, Blue Raven, Cactus, Cartwheel, Constant Blue, Crown series, Excalibur, Fig Leaf, Forward Challenge, Greek Island, High Point, Iron Gate, Jackpot, JEEP, Log Tree, Mystic Star, Nationwide, Night Blue, Nine Lives, Northstar, Page One, Phoenix Copper, Phoenix Banner, Phoenix Silver, Pine Ridge, Pioneer, Polo Hat, Positive Response, Prompt Response, Rebound Echo, Roadrunner, Royal Crown, Sage Brush, Scope Command, Ski Jump, Snow series, Southern Pine, Surf Board, Swarmer, Timber Line, Title Globe, Tophat, Treetop, Trojan, Vanguard, Volant Banner/Silver, Wheelhouse, Yankee, Yankee/Zulu, Yankee White

Code Names reveals the never before disclosed code name for the Top Secret Gray Fox special operations unit (Titrant Ranger) and other codenames for Gray Fox and various clandestine units and operations of the Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC):

Accrued Action, Acid Gambit, Advanced Notice, Amber Star, Bright Knight, Buckeye, Capacity Gear, Castle Hellion, Cemetery Wind, Centra Spike, Centurian Crusader, Cobb Ring, Condor, Copper Green, Coral Fox, Dissent, Elaborate Journey, Epic Goal, Fervent Archer, Gable series, Granite Rock, Granter Shadow, Grazing Lawn, Great Falcon, Green Light, Heavy Shadow, Honey Badger, Inspired Venture, Island Sun, Justice Assured, Knob Key, Lincoln Gold, Orlon Drum, Patriot Excalibur, Poor Debtor, Powder Keg, Project 43, Queens Hunter, Quick Thrust, Quiet Knight, Robin Court, Royal Cape, Royal Duke, Royal Patrol, Seaspray, Silent Shield, Silent Viper, Sly series, Sundowner, Swamp Fox, Sympton Odin, Talon MASTT, Torn Victor, Winter Harvest

Code Names reveals the secret names associated with seven different classified activities of the U.S. military:

Gumdrop, Forest Green, BGE/SGF (Project BGE/SGF), also known as Salem; Formica, the Joint Warfare Analysis Center (Retract Heather), the Air Intelligence Agency Advanced Programs Division, Directorate of Information Operations (Space 7), a special operations classified activity (Tempo)

Code Names reveals never before disclosed war plans of U.S. military commands, including a secret war plan (Project 19) for the defense of Taiwan.

Code Names reveals the secret names of long-standing secret agreements for the deployment of US nuclear weapons in Belgium (Pine Cone), Germany (Toolchest), Italy (Stone Ax), and the Netherlands (Toy Chest), and continuing preparations for nuclear war in Europe:

Able Ally, Able Crystal, Able Effort, Able Fast, Able Gain, Able Staff, Apex Effort, Bulwark Bronze, Central Harmony, Credible Journey, Flaming Arrow, Gangbusters, Global Guardian, Regency Network

Code Names reveals a number of previously undisclosed U.S. intelligence collections and reconnaissance operations in the Middle East associated with the war on terrorism:

Brave Emerald, Brave Warrior, Brave Wind, Celtic Axe, Celtic Emerald, Celtic Straw, Celtic Warrior, Celtic Wind, Creek Pinon, Creek Wind, Highland Wind, Irish Emerald, Irish Phoenix, Irish Straw, Irish Warrior, Scathe View

Code Names explains the meaning of a number of little known exercises and operations associated with the war on terrorism and Operation Enduring Freedom:

Active Endeavour, Apex Gold, Aztec Silence, Babylon, Beverly Morning, Big Crow, Brave series, Celtic Wind, Chalk Coral, Combat Track, Crashpad, Creek Wind, Crescent Wind, CrissCross, Desperado, Dipole series, Divine series, Eagle Eye, Elaborate Crossbow, Epic Fury, Falcon, Footprint, Freedom Eagle, Genesis II, Genoa, Genisys, Gister, Golden Spike, Green Quest, Grenadier BRAT, Griffin, Harmony (Project Harmony), Highland Wind, Hyperwide/Deltawing, Iceberg, ICON, Isaiah, Known Warrior, MAXCAP, Nocona, Phoenix Gauntlet, Picket Fence, Pisces, Project 9GH, Project 9GI/GK, Prominent Hammer, Quick Draw, Retract Barley, Rover, Rubble Pile, Sensor Harvest, Seven Hunters, Sly series, Story Finder, Sympony, THREADS, Trojan series, Underseal

Code Names reveals a number of previously undisclosed ongoing exercises and activities of the Special Operations Command (SOCOM) and special operations forces:

Able Warrior, Advanced Notice, Atlas Shield, Blackhat, Bronze Arrow, Centurian Crusader, Cobb Ring, Condor, Constant Gate, Desert Sprint, Epic Goal, Elegant Lady, Eugenie, Flintlock, Focal Point, Global Lynx, Goal Keeper, Grenadier Bay, Jackel Cave, Joint Anvil, Kestrel Phoenix, Knob Key, Krimson Sword, Link Acorn, Night Fist, Poise Talon, Polar Moon, Promise Kept, Project 46, Project 6404, Project 6415, Project 12108, Project 24428, Project 42134, Project 42135, Project 42562, Project 47119, Project 50348, Project 53520, Project 53527, Tempo, Trinity, Utopian Angel

Code Names reveals a number of secret U.S. bases and military activities in Jordan, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, and discusses in detail the post-9/11 expansion of outposts in the Middle East and the "Stans," including Kyrgyzstan, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Tajikistan, the United Arab Emirates, and Uzbekistan..

Code Names reveals the existence of a number of secret U.S. bases in Israel (Sites 51, 53, 54, 55 and 56) and the gamut of secret U.S.-Israel military cooperation:

Cooperative Safeguard, Ellipse Bravo, Eloquent Nugget, Hammer Rick, Have Nap, Infinite Moonlight, Juniper series, Mountain series, Nickel Grass, Noble series, Pacer Ship, Patriot Defender, Peace Dove, Peace Echo, Peace Fox, Peace Jack, Peace Marble, Peace Patch, Reliant Mermaid, Shining Presence, Trophy

Code Names discusses in detail the program of highly sensitive military and intelligence exercises, activities, and agreements with the Arab states of Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia, and with India, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.

Code Names explains in detail the post-9/11 build-up of new bases and facilities around the world to fight terrorism and secure American access in new parts of the world: Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Djibouti, Romania, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Singapore, and Uganda.

Code Names explains the meaning of a number of little known exercises and operations associated with homeland security and domestic intelligence:

Amalgam series, Ambient Breeze, Athena, AWI, Blue Advance, Calypso Wind, CAMEO 7, Capital Reaction, Carnivore, Cascade Fury II, Cirrus Wind, Clear Skies, Cloudy Office, Consequence series, Cornerstone, Crimson Cross, Crucial Player, Crucial Office, Crystal Breakers, Dangerous Wind, Dark Winter, Determined Promise, Digital Storm, Direct Focus, Distant Shore, Equus Red, Garden Plot, Global Mercury, Grand Slam, Graphic Hand, Hammerhead, Harbor Shield, Impending Storm, Island Crisis, Keystone, Launch Relief, Liberty Shield, Measured Response, Mirrored Image, Orbit Comet, Pale Horse, Portico, Rio Grande, Scarlet Cloud, Shaker Support, Silent Vector, Solid Citizen, Solid Curtain, Tarmacq, TOPOFF, Unified Defense, West Wind, WISE

Code Names reveals a number of new programs and activities associated with cyber-warfare and information warfare programs of the Defense Department, CIA, and National Security Agency:

Adversary, Apollo series, Arena, Big Crow, Black Demon, Blackcat, Bobcat, Brazen Tsunami, Classic

Troll, Cluster Robin, Compass Call, Constant Web, Crucial Player, Diamond, Digital Demon, Dockmaster, Dragon Lightning, Eligible Receiver, Evident Sunrise, Excalibur, Glacier, Iron Hare, Legation Quarter, Lighthouse, Little Picture, Livewire, Lungfish, Midnight Stand/Idaho Hunter, Panther series, Pegasus, Phoenix Challenge, Prophet/Cassandra, Quick Draw, RIGEL, Rubicon, Saratoga Thunder, Senior Keystone, Sensor series, Space 7, Steel Puma, Tel-scope, Thundercloud

Code Names reveals a number of classified programs associated with Pentagon "deception" operations: Combat Hammer, Credible Wolf, Crested Dove, Project 9A, Project 33, Project 999, Project 8407

Code Names reveals more than 400 intelligence programs and activities and intelligence technologies, particularly the ability to intercept communications and electronics, including:

Aboveboard, Anchory, Apex Gold, Batrack, BGE/SGF, Big Safari, Binocular, Blue Horizon, Blue Lightning, Brite/Brite Knight, Broadsword, Capsule Jack, Cast Glance/Cluster Ranger, CERCIS, Challenge Athena, Chambered Round, Charade, Cherry, Chipped/Chocolate, Cinnamon, Cluster series, Cobra series, Combat series, Comfy series, Compass series, Constant series, Copper Cap, Cornerstone, Creek series, Crossfire, Crystal Breakers, Dark Eyes, Direct Support, Docklamp, Dragon Warrior, Edge, Enlarger, Fireboat, Friartuck, Fulcrum, Future Look/Have Bridge, Gadgeteer, Gatchwork, Gold Sword, Grandslam, Guidepost, Hardlook, Project Harmony, Have Cook, Have Sound, Hawk, Heartleaf, Hidden Treasure, Hightop, Honor Guard, Host, IBIS, ICON/PICON, Imminent Horizon, Iron Clad, Isaiah, Lightning, Longroot, Mailorder, Marlock, Martes, Matchlite, Mercury, Merlin, Mockingbird, Modern Eagle, Monticello, Moon Smoke, Musketeer, Nocona, Northstar, Ocean Atrium, Outboard, Outlaw series, Owl, Pathfinder, Peace Krypton, Peace Pioneer, Phoenix, Platinum Rail, Portal, Portico, Power Hunter, Privateer, Proud Flame, Quick Bolt, Rabbit, Radiant Mercury, Raindrop, Raven, Reef, Regal, Rivet series, Roadwarrior, Rosetta Stone, Rover, Royal series, Sable Tent, Scattered Castles, Seawatch, Seek Gunfighter, Senior series, Sensor series, Sentinel series, Seven series, Slammer, Southern Knight, Spotlight, Steamroller, Storm Jib, Story series, Tapestry, Taters, Tight Door, TIMBUKTU, Toltec Spear, Tonal Key, Top Hunter, Trojan series, Tyne Tease, Vigilant, Warlord, Windjammer, Wolfers/Rocketeer, Wrangler

Code Names reveals 29 never before disclosed intelligence operations conducted at, or controlled by, the NSA station in Bad Aibling, Germany:

Assets, Astonish, Avalanche, Backhome, Blackknight, Breeze, CELTIC, Clove, Conga, Crutch, Eagerness, Eaglepipe, Fastner, Hombre, Jaguar, Lakota, Messiah, Quicksilver, Quidditch, Semester, Silverfish, Spiderweb, Starhouse, Starquake, Superbad, Tabler, Tumbril, Warstock, Wiley.

Code Names reveals more than 50 satellite intelligence experiments under the Tactical exploitation of national capabilities (TENCAP) program, which uses national intelligence satellites to provide support to U.S. military personnel and operations in the field:

Beryllium/Copper Gold Tin, Breeze/Crimson Jade Topaz, Bullseye, Cirrus/Crystal Oak White, Clear/Elm Pine, Coal/Frost Thunder, Cobra, Command/Talon Command, Desert Lightning, Desert Predator, Eidolon Lance, ELMO, Gale, Have CSAR, Night series, Prairie Dog/Prairie Dog II, Puma, Radiant series, Ready, Royal Dragon, SHARP, Shooter, Sidearm, Southern Vigilance, Talon series, Vision/Talon Vision

Code Names reveals for the first time 13 United Kingdom intelligence programs associated with the war on terrorism:

Barracuda, Beady Eye, Delphin, Extract, Ince, Interpret, Istar, Kingfisher, Odette, Pinemartin, Soothsayer, Starwindow, Vampire

Code Names reveals a series of more than 50 highly sensitive foreign materiel procurement and exploitation programs involving acquiring equipment from former Warsaw Pact nations and Third World manufacturers and evaluating it for intelligence value and countermeasures:

Cadmic Frame, Carob series, Casaba Hound, Coral Mat/Sensor Ghost, Dissent, Dole series, Dome Street, Gardenia, Grand Falcon, Grandma Beguile, Granite series, Gray Pan, Gypsy Wagon, Have Sabre, Have Whip, Heart Ache, Ibis series, Icon series, Ictus series, Mobcap Apex, Mountain series, Opinion series, Optic series, Opus Willow, Ordinary Farm, Orient Express, Rodent series, Root Cellar, Round Gopher, Royal Holiday, Sensor Eyes, Stadium Clock, Stock Deal, Strain Drum, Suspect Stole/Suspect Runaway, Tin Shield, Torpid Suction, Tossing series, Touted series, Toy series, Trophy, Twin Ears, Volant Sierra, Willow series

Distributed by Random House
Price: $27.95 · Pages: 608 · Hardcover · On sale 1/25/05
isbn: 1-58642-083-6 · Rights: World

source: http://www.codenames.org/ArkinFirst.pdf 23jan05