Volatility and solvent extractability of plasticizers used in PVC 

Greenpeace Letter to European Commission Committee on Product Safety 17dec97

(Regarding: Phthalate leaching form soft PVC toys)

Appendix 1: Volatility and solvent extractability of plasticizers used in PVC, expressed either as percentage change in elongation of PVC material or as percentage weight change due to plasticizer loss to the atmosphere or solution (negative value indicates loss of softener).

SOFTENER

AIR OVEN
DRYING
% change

SOLVENT EXTRACTION
% weight change

Elongation

Weight

Hexane

Soapy
 water

Cottonseed
oil

Distilled
 water

Humidity

Phthalates

DOP (DEHP)

-45

-20

-34

-15

-19

-0.58

-0.98

DUP 

1

0

-34

-1.6

-26

-1.7

-1.2

DINP

-20

-6.3

-36

-11

-21

-0.96

-1.1

DIDP

-11

-3.3

-35

-5.9

-21

-1.1

-1

 

6-10P

-6

-3.8

-36

-9.1

-23

-1

-1.2

711P

0

-7

-35

-11

-22

-0.71

-1.2

9-11P

3

-0.94

-35

-3.3

-25

-1.1

-1.3

DOTP

-20

-8.3

-38

-12

-23

-0.75

-0.81

 

Adipates

DIDA

-25

-12

-34

-10

-28

-1.9

-4.1

DOA

N/D

-34

-32

-25

-29

-1.7

-2.3

DBEA

N/D

-32

-29

-37

-27

-2.8

-2.5

DBEEA

-5

-5.2

-27

-37

-25

-7.7

-4.6

 

Sebacates

DOS

5

-7

-34

-6.6

-28

-1.8

-1.4

DBES

-10

-8.3

-31

-36

-27

-1.9

-11

 

Azelates

DOZ

-27

-14

-33

-12

-28

-2.7

-1.9

 

Trimellitates

8-10-TM-E

-3

0.97

-33

-1.4

-23

-0.8

-1.1

TOTM

0

0.88

-32

-1

-16

-0.5

-0.74

 

Glutarates

7050

-5

-7.7

-22

-33

-20

-22

-24

Plasticisers - Phthalates: DOP (DEHP), dioctyl phthalate (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate); DUP, diundecyl phthalate; DINP, diisononyl phthalate; DIDP, diisodecyl phthalate; 6-10P, mixture of C5, C7 & C9 straight chain phthalates; 711P, mixture of C6, C8 & C10 linear and branched-chain phthalates; 9-11P, mixture of C8, C9 & C10 linear and branched-chain phthalates; DOTP, di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate.

Adipates: DIDA, diisodecyl adipate; DOA (DEHA), dioctyl adipate (di-2-ethylhexyl adipate); DBEA, dibutoxyethyl adipate; DBEEA, dibutoxyethoxyethyl adipate.

Sebacates: DOS (DEHS), dioctyl sebacate (di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate); DBES, dibutoxyethyl sebacate.

Azelates: DOZ (DEHZ), dioctyl azelate (di-2-ethylhexyl azelate).

Trimellitates: 8-10-TM-E, mixture of C7 & C9 trimellitates (plus trace bisphenol-A).

Glutarates: 7050, dialkyl diether glutarate.

Test Conditions - Air Oven Aging: for both elongation and weight change, 3 days @ 121’C.

Extractability: hexane, 24 hours @ room temperature; cottonseed oil, 24 hours @ 60’C; distilled water, 24 hours @ 60’C; soapy water (ivory soap immersion), 7 days @ 90’C; humidity, 9 days @ 90’C and 99% relative humidity.

All data from C.P. Hall Company brochure "Plasticizers and Resin Modifiers" 1996.

Appendix 2: Additional compounds identified (but not quantified) in the range of PVC toys studied by Greenpeace. Compounds which were identified with match qualities of 50% or lower are not included; this list should not, therefore, be considered exhaustive.

Compounds identified to >90% match quality

1,3-Benzodioxole-5-carboxaldehyde

1,3-Isobenzofurandione

1,3-Propanedione, 1,3-diphenyl-

1-Dodecanol

1-Hexadecanol

1H-Indole, 2-phenyl-

1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione

1-Octadecanol

1-Octadecene

1-Pentadecanol

1-Phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-, methyl ester, [1R-(1.alpha.,4a.beta.,10a.alpha.)]-

1-Tetradecanol

2,2'-Paracyclophan

2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 3,5,5-trimethyl-

2-Hydroxybenzoate, methyl ester

3,3-(D2)Menth-1-ene

3-Phenylindole

9-Octadecanoic acid (Z)

Benzaldehyde, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-

Benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-

Benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy-

Benzene, 1,1'-(1,2-cyclobutanediyl)bis-, trans-

Benzene, 1,1'-(1,3-propanediyl)bis

Benzoic acid

Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, methyl ester

Benzyl benzoate

Butyl benzoate

cis 1,1-(1,2-Cyclobutanediyl)bisbenzene

Cyclodecane

Cyclododecane

Cyclooctane, 1,2-dimethyl-

Cyclotetradecane

Decanedioic acid, dibutyl ester

DEHA (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) ester of adipic acid)

Dieldrin

Docosane

Eicosane

Elaidinic acid, isopropy ester

Fungitrol 11 (Folpet)

Heptacosane

Heptadecane

Heptadecene-(8)-carbonic acid-(1)

Hexadecane

Hexadecanoic acid

Hexanedioc acid, dioctyl ester

Hexatriacontane

Methanone, diphenyl-

Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-phenyl-

Naphthalene, 1,2-dihydro-4-phenyl-

Nonacosane

Nonadecane

Nonylphenol, isomeric

Octadecane

Octadecanoic acid

Octadecanoic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester

Pentacosane

Pentadecane

Pentyl 2-ethylhexanoate

Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-

Phenol, 4,4'-(1-methylethylidine)bis-

Phosphonic acid, dioctadecyl ester

Phosphoric acid triphenyl ester

Tetracosane

Tetradecane

Triacontane

Tricosane

Tridecane 

Compounds tentatively identified (match qualities between 51 and 90%)

1-(Butyloctyl)benzene

1-(Methylundecyl)benzene

1-(Pentylheptyl)benzene

1-(Propylnonyl)benzene

1-Pentadecanal

2,2,4-Trimethylpentan-1.3-dioldiisobutyrate

2-ethylisoquinoline

Butanoic acid, 2-propenyl ester

Hexacosane

Hexadecanoic acid, dioctyl ester

m-Phenylethyl benzonitrile

Pentan-1,3-dioldiisobutyrate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-

Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl ester

Trimethylpentan-1.3-dioldiisobutyrate

Other groups of compounds tentatively identified

alkylbenzene derivatives

derivatives of quinoline or isoquinoline

ester of hexanedioic acid or propanetricarboxylate

long-chain hydrocarbons (>C30), possibly paraffin oils

source: http://www.greenpeace.org/gopher/campaigns/toxics/1997/testphth.doc 18mar01
To: Antonia Gamez, European Commission, DG XXIV
Pamela Brumter, European Commission, DG III
Members of the Committee on Product Safety Emergencies
Re: Phthalate leaching from soft PVC toys

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