Permanence of Plasticizers in Polyvinylchloride (PVC) 
Objects in the Museum Environment

Abstract from the national meeting of the American Chemical Society 24aug00

Yvonne Shashoua, Department of Conservation, National Museum of Denmark
Postbox 260 Brede, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark, Fax: +45 -33 47 33 27, yvonne.shashoua@natmus.dk

Plasticizers are the major additive in PVC formulations, in percentage by weight and their influence on the final plastics product. Examples of PVC in museums include protective clothing, footwear, toys and medical equipment. Since the 1930s, the most frequently used plasticizer has been dioctyl phthalate. Much of the literature assumes that any amount of phthalate is fully compatible with the finished product. This is not the experience within museums. Instability of plasticized PVC is exhibited as migration from the bulk to the surface layer, detected by a tacky feel to the plastic, formation of oily droplets and adhesion to packaging materials. This paper discusses the mechanisms by which loss of phthalates from PVC objects occurs in a museum environment. Findings from FTIR, SEM and surface wetting examinations applied to both model and naturally degraded objects are presented. The results suggest that permanence of plasticizer is dependent on the amount included during manufacture.

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